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What If We Built a City on Mars?

The next step in space exploration isn’t generations away. It’s happening right now. And our destination? That mysterious, desolate world next door, Mars...

What If We Built a Stanford Torus?

One day, we want to take humanity into space. But why don’t we start small? Take one solar power station, 10,000 people, and 10 million tons of crumbled Moon rock...

What If the Sun Swallowed Earth?

The Sun’s core is shrinking. But as its core shrinks, the Sun itself grows larger. And it will continue to grow, until one day, it engulfs the Earth. How long can you...

What If Putin Never Came to Power?

As the world watches the war Russia brutally started in Ukraine, you wonder how these countries would be different if the dictator Vladimir Putin never took office. Who...

What If We Moved to Ceres?

Settling on the Moon or Mars may be all the buzz. But how about we all move to an icy dwarf planet in the middle of the Solar System? To Ceres. What would make this a...

What If Pangea Never Broke Apart?

Millions of years ago, the Earth looked very different. A huge landmass, called Pangea, covered about a third of our planet. But about 175 million years ago, the Earth...

What If There Were No Religion?

Are you religious? If you are, a huge part of your life is probably shaped by your beliefs and religious community. If you’re not, you might stare with bewilderment at...